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Preparing for Pipeline Construction: Essential Geotechnical Investigations

May 29th, 2025
Geotechnical Investigations

Building a pipeline—whether for sewer or water—is no small feat. It’s a complex process that demands precision, planning, and a clear understanding of what lies beneath the surface. At Site Geotechnical, we’ve provided geotechnical site investigations for countless pipeline projects across Victoria, helping contractors and clients anticipate costs, refine designs, and avoid surprises.

Our detailed investigations aren’t just a formality—they’re the key to preparing for excavation and allowing you to enjoy a smooth, cost-effective build.

Here’s why pipeline investigations matter, and what they can reveal about your worksite.

Setting the Stage for Success

Before a single shovel hits the ground, you need answers. How hard will it be to excavate? Can the soil support the pipe? What obstacles might pop up? A thorough and professional geotechnical investigation delivers the data to tackle these questions head-on.

For both sewer and water pipelines, this upfront work aids engineers in designing the embedment and considering the conditions, as well as assists contractors in estimating excavation and support costs while giving clients a clearer picture of the project’s scope. It’s about starting smart–because the more you know up front, the better you can prepare and lower the risk.

Don’t leave it too late to organise your pipeline investigation. You don’t want to invest in a pipeline design that isn’t suitable for your project, have unexpected cost blowouts due to encountering rock or soft ground or shallow groundwater, and then spend a bunch of time and resources coming up with a solution at the last minute and have project cost blowouts!

Organise early so you can be prepared for what is in the ground.

What We Investigate, and Why It Matters

Our geotechnical assessments focus on the critical factors that can shape pipeline design and construction. Here’s what we dig into:

  1. Excavatability: Not all ground is created equal. Sandy soils might be a breeze to dig in, but have little stand-up time, while soft clay could incur difficulties in construction associated with soft ground. Rock blasting or rock hammering can be very expensive and time-consuming. We test the soil properties and subsurface conditions to determine how easy or tough excavation will be, helping designers plan and contractors determine equipment hire costs and labour needs.
  2. Bearing Capacity: Pipelines need stable ground to sit on. We can assess the soil’s strength to make certain it can handle the pipe’s weight and any additional loads without excessive settlement. This data will help guide foundation design and prevent any long-term issues associated with soil instability.
  3. Safe Batter Slopes: Excavated trenches must stay stable to protect workers and equipment while the project proceeds. By analysing soil cohesion and its stability, we can recommend safe slope angles (or batter slopes) to prevent any collapses during construction.
  4. Potential for Rock: Hitting unexpected rock can derail timelines and budgets. Our investigations can provide information on where bedrock or large boulders might lurk, as well as the rock properties. This will help teams prepare with the right tools, such as rock breakers, or adjust their route if needed.
  5. Groundwater Levels: Water in the trench is every contractor’s headache. We will provide guidance on the groundwater conditions to help you plan ahead.

No matter the problems your worksite might face, our geotechnical engineers will be able to unearth them.

Make sure to browse our full range of geotechnical services in Melbourne to see how we can help your project succeed!

Avoiding the Unknown

Pipeline Construction

Pipeline projects thrive on predictability. Encountering unforeseen rock, unstable slopes, or soggy ground mid-construction can lead to delays, extra costs, and redesigns. That’s where Site Geotechnical steps in.

With hundreds of pipeline investigations under our belt, we’ve seen it all—soft silts, fractured basalt, you name it. Our detailed geotechnical reports give clients and contractors a roadmap of the subsurface, flagging risks and offering smart solutions before the work begins.

By knowing what to expect during your pipeline project, you can plan your budget accordingly so costs won’t blow out and your work can be completed on time.

The Importance of Correct Backfilling

Backfilling refers to filling an area that has been exhumed during construction back up, and in the context of underground pipelines, refers to the filling up of the dug trench once the pipe has been successfully laid. It is also important to design the appropriate embedment so that the pipeline is founded appropriately.

Backfilling is about more than just dumping the excavated soil back on top–it involves the careful choosing and layering of fill materials, as well as compacting to prevent cracking and collapses.

Your backfill will need to be compliant with Australian Standards 3798: Guidelines on Earthworks for Commercial and Residential Developments, 2566.2: Buried Flexible Pipelines: Part 2 – Installation, 1289: Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes, and 2870 Residential Slabs and Footings and MRWA Specification No 04-03.

We can help you classify your site according to these guidelines, like for AS2870. Make sure to reach out to our experts for more information about these Standards and how they can affect your project.

Are all of these geotechnical services too much to keep track of? Read our article on How to Choose the Right Geotechnical Services for Your Construction Project for more helpful insights.

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Other Types of Geotechnical Site Investigations SITE Geotechnical Can Help With

At SITE Geotechnical, we can be relied on to perform all sorts of geotechnical engineering in Melbourne, and that includes many types of in-depth investigations. As well as investigating the sites for proposed pipelines, we can perform:

  1. Pavement Investigations: Pavement can crack, warp or split over time, and our pavement investigations can help you find out why, as well as inform you of the best ways to repair it. Upgrading your pavement with the right materials can save you a lot of money in the long run! (Find out more in this blog.)
  2. Landslide Investigations: If you are working on or near a slope, you’ll want reassurance that it is stable. One of these soil investigations will be able to determine if there are any expansive or reactive soil profiles in the area, as well as if they will be reactive in case of the rare event of an earthquake.
  3. Greenfield Investigations: If you are going to build or work on land that has been untouched by construction or industry, this is known as a greenfield. Greenfield investigations are important in determining if a potential site is viable, which can be very important if nothing has even been built there and there is no existing data to work off.
  4. Wetland and Dam Investigations: Building wetlands is an important factor to be considered during residential developments. Our wetland and dam investigations can make sure the soils being used can withstand the moving waters of wetlands, so the wetland will last and be able to provide environmental benefits to the area. (Please read our blog on the subject for more information.)

We can’t be beat for geotechnical services in Beveridge, Mernda, the Mornington Peninsula, and all other suburbs across the Melbourne area.

Building Pipelines with Confidence

Pipeline Construction

At its core, a geotechnical site investigation is about reducing uncertainty. It’s the difference between guessing how much it’ll cost to excavate and knowing the exact conditions you’ll face. It’s the assurance that your pipe will sit on solid ground with stable trenches. For sewer and water pipelines alike, this prep work translates to smarter budgets, safer sites, and a smoother execution.

Here at Site Geotechnical, we’re proud to equip pipeline project managers and workers with the insights they need to succeed. Because when you’re ready for what’s underground, you’re ready for anything.

Begin your pipeline project with confidence! Contact us on 1300 557 260 or leave us a message using our online form regarding your needs for a pipeline investigation.

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